Sailwave
Wednesday Dinghy Results
Jan 1, 2018 · Parkstone Yacht Club
- Fleets
- 7
- Boats
- 86
- Source
- Sailwave
Dart Class
Dart · 15 boats · 11 races
| Boat | Sailors | R1 | 26/4 | 3/5 | 10/5 | 17/5 | R6 | R7 | R8 | R9 | R10 | R11 | Net |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 7963 USA7963 · Dart Share result Peter Stacey | Peter Stacey | 1 | 1 | [2] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.1 DTY | [16 DNC] | 1 | 1 | [16 DNC] | 7.1Discards 2, 16, 16 |
2 6286 USA6286 · Dart Share result Thomas Kelley | Thomas Kelley | [4] | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | [7 RET] | 3 | [4] | 3 | 2 | 20Discards 4, 7, 4 |
3 6895 USA6895 · Dart Share result Bill Parker | Bill Parker | [6] | 2 | 1 | 6 | [16 DNC] | 3 | 5 | 2 | [16 DNC] | 4 | 3 | 26Discards 6, 16, 16 |
4 7986 USA7986 · Dart Share result Lido Badawy | Lido Badawy | [16 DNC] | 4 | [6] | [7] | 5 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 26Discards 16, 6, 7 |
5 7979 USA7979 · Dart Share result Geoff Sherwood | Geoff Sherwood | 3 | [16 DNC] | 4 | 4 | [16 DNC] | 5 | 4 | [16 DNC] | 7 | 5 | 16 DNC | 48Discards 16, 16, 16 |
6 7968 USA7968 · Dart Share result Charles Hillier | Charles Hillier | 2 | 6 | 5 | [16 DNC] | [16 DNC] | [16 DNC] | 16 DNC | 4 | 3 | 7 | 6 | 49Discards 16, 16, 16 |
7 7827 USA7827 · Dart Share result Katrina Kennedy | Katrina Kennedy | 5 | 5 | [16 DNC] | 5 | 4 | 7 | [16 DNC] | [16 DNC] | 16 DNC | 9 | 4 | 55Discards 16, 16, 16 |
8 7546 USA7546 · Dart Share result Simon Hiles | Simon Hiles | 8 RET | 8 RET | 7 | 9 | 6 | [16 DNC] | [16 DNC] | [16 DNC] | 16 DNC | 16 DNC | 16 DNC | 86Discards 16, 16, 16 |
9 7807 USA7807 · Dart Share result Bryan Drake | Bryan Drake | [16 DNC] | [16 DNC] | [16 DNC] | 3 | 3 | 16 DNC | 1 | 16 DNC | 16 DNC | 16 DNC | 16 DNC | 87Discards 16, 16, 16 |
10 7425 USA7425 · Dart Share result Stephen Tiernan | Stephen Tiernan | [16 DNC] | [16 DNC] | [16 DNC] | 8 | 16 DNC | 6 | 16 DNC | 16 DNC | 16 DNC | 16 DNC | 1 | 95Discards 16, 16, 16 |
11 7758 USA7758 · Dart Share result Charles Sherwin | Charles Sherwin | [16 DNC] | [16 DNC] | [16 DNC] | 16 DNC | 16 DNC | 16 DNC | 2 | 16 DNC | 6 | 16 DNC | 7 | 95Discards 16, 16, 16 |
12 7747 USA7747 · Dart Share result Rosemary Crinion | Rosemary Crinion | [16 DNC] | [16 DNC] | [16 DNC] | 16 DNC | 16 DNC | 16 DNC | 4.5 DTY | 16 DNC | 5 | 6 | 16 DNC | 95.5Discards 16, 16, 16 |
13 7746 USA7746 · Dart Share result Chris Cheney | Chris Cheney | [16 DNC] | [16 DNC] | [16 DNC] | 16 DNC | 7 | 16 DNC | 16 DNC | 16 DNC | 16 DNC | 8 | 16 DNC | 111Discards 16, 16, 16 |
14 6231 USA6231 · Dart Share result Nick Bold | Nick Bold | [16 DNC] | [16 DNC] | [16 DNC] | 10 | 16 DNC | 16 DNC | 16 DNC | 16 DNC | 16 DNC | 16 DNC | 16 DNC | 122Discards 16, 16, 16 |
15 7920 USA7920 · Dart Share result James Mackenzie | James Mackenzie | [16 DNC] | [16 DNC] | [16 DNC] | 16 DNC | 16 DNC | 16 DNC | 16 DNC | 16 DNC | 16 DNC | 16 DNC | 16 DNC | 128Discards 16, 16, 16 |
Dolphin Class
Dolphin · 11 boats · 10 races
| Boat | Sailors | 26/4 | 3/5 | 10/5 | 17/5 | R5 | R6 | R7 | R8 | R9 | R10 | Net |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 33 USA33 · Dolphin Share result Steve Brophy | Steve Brophy | [12 DNC] | 2 | 1 | 2 | [4] | 1 | 1 | [6] | 3 | 1 | 11Discards 12, 4, 6 |
2 31 USA31 · Dolphin Share result Richard Whing | Richard Whing | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | [12 DNC] | [12 DNC] | [12 DNC] | 4 | 6 | 12 DNC | 27Discards 12, 12, 12 |
3 39 USA39 · Dolphin Share result J Harris | J Harris | 2 | 4 | [12 DNC] | [12 DNC] | 2 | [12 DNC] | 2 | 8 | 5 | 12 DNC | 35Discards 12, 12, 12 |
4 30 USA30 · Dolphin Share result Philip Murray | Philip Murray | [12 DNC] | [12 DNC] | 4 | [12 DNC] | 1 | 12 DNC | 3 | 5 | 12 DNC | 2.3 DTY | 39.3Discards 12, 12, 12 |
5 40 USA40 · Dolphin Share result Alan Hescroff | Alan Hescroff | [12 DNC] | 6 | 3 | [12 DNC] | [12 DNC] | 3 | 12 DNC | 7 | 7 | 3 | 41Discards 12, 12, 12 |
6 42 USA42 · Dolphin Share result Sean Meharg | Sean Meharg | [12 DNC] | 3 | [12 DNC] | [12 DNC] | 12 DNC | 2 | 12 DNC | 3 | 1 | 12 DNC | 45Discards 12, 12, 12 |
7 34 USA34 · Dolphin Share result Nigel Yeoman | Nigel Yeoman | [12 DNC] | [12 DNC] | 6 RET | [12 DNC] | 12 DNC | 4 | 12 DNC | 2 | 2 | 12 DNC | 50Discards 12, 12, 12 |
8 38 USA38 · Dolphin Share result John Hayward | John Hayward | [12 DNC] | 5 | [12 DNC] | [12 DNC] | 12 DNC | 6 | 12 DNC | 1 | 12 DNC | 4 | 52Discards 12, 12, 12 |
9 36 USA36 · Dolphin Share result Chalkly-Maber | Chalkly-Maber | 4 | 7 | [12 DNC] | [12 DNC] | 3 | 5 | [12 DNC] | 9 | 12 DNC | 12 DNC | 52Discards 12, 12, 12 |
10 41 USA41 · Dolphin Share result Gill Linford | Gill Linford | 3 | [12 DNC] | [12 DNC] | [12 DNC] | 12 DNC | 12 DNC | 12 DNC | 12 DNC | 4 | 12 DNC | 67Discards 12, 12, 12 |
11 32 USA32 · Dolphin Share result Charles Vigor | Charles Vigor | [12 DNC] | [12 DNC] | [12 DNC] | 12 DNC | 12 DNC | 12 DNC | 12 DNC | 12 DNC | 12 DNC | 2 | 74Discards 12, 12, 12 |
Fireball Class
Fireball · 6 boats · 3 races
| Boat | Sailors | 10/5 | R2 | R3 | Net |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 14939 USA14939 · Fireball Share result Peter Verver | Peter Verver | 2 | 1 | 2 | 12 |
2 14556 USA14556 · Fireball Share result Paul Downing | Paul Downing | [7 DNC] | 7 DNC | 1 | 17Discards 7 |
3 13912 USA13912 · Fireball Share result Kirsty Gurney | Kirsty Gurney | [7 DNC] | 2 | 7 DNC | 17Discards 7 |
4 14737 USA14737 · Fireball Share result Ian Zimmerman | Ian Zimmerman | 1 | 7 DNC | 3 | 18 |
5 14652 USA14652 · Fireball Share result Martin Cooney | Martin Cooney | [7 DNC] | 7 DNC | 7 DNC | 28Discards 7 |
5 14697 USA14697 · Fireball Share result Andrew Clark | Andrew Clark | [7 DNC] | 7 DNC | 7 DNC | 28Discards 7 |
Merlin Rocket Class
Merlin Rocket · 12 boats · 9 races
| Boat | Sailors | R1 | 26/4 | 3/5 | 10/5 | 17/5 | R6 | R7 | R8 | R9 | Net |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 3694 USA3694 · Merlin Rocket Share result Steve Tyler | Steve Tyler | [2] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | [13 DNC] | 8Discards 2, 13 |
2 3789 USA3789 · Merlin Rocket Share result Nick Scroggie | Nick Scroggie | 3 | 1.7 DTY | 2 | 2 | 3 | [13 DNC] | 2 | [4] | 3 | 16.7Discards 13, 4 |
3 3641 USA3641 · Merlin Rocket Share result Mark Waterhouse | Mark Waterhouse | 1 | 1.6 DTY | [13 DNC] | [13 DNC] | 5 | 2 | [13 DNC] | 3 | 2 | 27.6Discards 13, 13, 13 |
4 3767 USA3767 · Merlin Rocket Share result Ben Archer | Ben Archer | [13 DNC] | 3.7 DTY | 3 | 5 | 4 | [13 DNC] | 3 | 6 | 7 RET | 31.7Discards 13, 13 |
5 3664 USA3664 · Merlin Rocket Share result Ant Hackforth | Ant Hackforth | [13 DNC] | 2 | [13 DNC] | [13 DNC] | 13 DNC | 3 | 13 DNC | 2 | 5 | 51Discards 13, 13, 13 |
6 3761 USA3761 · Merlin Rocket Share result David Bursey | David Bursey | [13 DNC] | [13 DNC] | [13 DNC] | 3 | 13 DNC | 13 DNC | 4 | 5 | 1 | 52Discards 13, 13, 13 |
7 3791 USA3791 · Merlin Rocket Share result Jon Gorringe | Jon Gorringe | [13 DNC] | 1.5 DTY | [13 DNC] | [13 DNC] | 1 | 13 DNC | 13 DNC | 13 DNC | 4 | 58.5Discards 13, 13, 13 |
8 3654 USA3654 · Merlin Rocket Share result Stephen Bailey | Stephen Bailey | 5 DTY | 3 DTY | [13 DNC] | [13 DNC] | [13 DNC] | 13 DNC | 13 DNC | 13 DNC | 13 DNC | 61Discards 13, 13, 13 |
9 3729 USA3729 · Merlin Rocket Share result Andrew Brewer | Andrew Brewer | [13 DNC] | [13 DNC] | [13 DNC] | 4 | 13 DNC | 13 DNC | 6 RET | 13 DNC | 13 DNC | 75Discards 13, 13, 13 |
10 3633 USA3633 · Merlin Rocket Share result David Bursey | David Bursey | 4 | [13 DNC] | [13 DNC] | [13 DNC] | 13 DNC | 13 DNC | 13 DNC | 13 DNC | 13 DNC | 82Discards 13, 13, 13 |
11 3553 USA3553 · Merlin Rocket Share result Martyn Lovell | Martyn Lovell | [13 DNC] | [13 DNC] | [13 DNC] | 13 DNC | 13 DNC | 13 DNC | 13 DNC | 13 DNC | 13 DNC | 91Discards 13, 13, 13 |
11 3592 USA3592 · Merlin Rocket Share result Nick Scroggie | Nick Scroggie | [13 DNC] | [13 DNC] | [13 DNC] | 13 DNC | 13 DNC | 13 DNC | 13 DNC | 13 DNC | 13 DNC | 91Discards 13, 13, 13 |
RS100 Class
RS 100 · 6 boats · 6 races
| Boat | Sailors | R1 | 26/4 | 10/5 | R4 | R5 | R6 | Net |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 147 USA147 · RS100 Share result Sean Murray | Sean Murray | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 12 |
2 184 USA184 · RS100 Share result Paul Freeman | Paul Freeman | 2 | 2 | 3 | [7 DNC] | 1 | 3 | 18Discards 7 |
3 181 USA181 · RS100 Share result Hywel Roberts | Hywel Roberts | [7 DNC] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 RET | 7 DNC | 22Discards 7 |
4 265 USA265 · RS100 Share result Rob Timmis | Rob Timmis | 3 | [7 DNC] | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 24Discards 7 |
5 183 USA183 · RS100 Share result Neal Freeman | Neal Freeman | [7 DNC] | [7 DNC] | 7 DNC | 7 DNC | 7 DNC | 1 | 31Discards 7, 7 |
6 219 USA219 · RS100 Share result Richard Clark | Richard Clark | [7 DNC] | 4 | 6 DNF | [7 DNC] | 7 DNC | 7 DNC | 33Discards 7, 7 |
Wayfarer Class
Wayfarer · 22 boats · 11 races
| Boat | Sailors | R1 | 26/4 | 3/5 | 10/5 | 17/5 | R6 | R7 | R8 | R9 | R10 | R11 | Net |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 10650 USA10650 · Wayfarer Share result Steve Haley | Steve Haley | [3] | 1 | [2] | 1 | 1 | 0.6 DTY | 2 | [23 DNC] | 2 | 1 | 1 | 9.6Discards 3, 2, 23 |
2 10883 USA10883 · Wayfarer Share result David Wall | David Wall | 4 | [23 DNC] | 1 | 2 | 6 DNS | 3 | 1 | [23 DNC] | 1 | [23 DNC] | 23 DNC | 41Discards 23, 23, 23 |
3 8803 USA8803 · Wayfarer Share result Mark Bell | Mark Bell | 6 | 3 | [23 DNC] | [23 DNC] | 3 | 9 | 10 RET | [23 DNC] | 6 | 6 | 3 | 46Discards 23, 23, 23 |
4 10729 USA10729 · Wayfarer Share result Mike Jeans | Mike Jeans | 2 | [23 DNC] | [23 DNC] | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | [23 DNC] | 9 RET | 4 | 23 DNC | 48Discards 23, 23, 23 |
5 10878 USA10878 · Wayfarer Share result Bruce Gridley | Bruce Gridley | 1 | 5 RET | 3 | 4 | [23 DNC] | 5 | 6 | [23 DNC] | 3 | [23 DNC] | 23 DNC | 50Discards 23, 23, 23 |
6 11010 USA11010 · Wayfarer Share result Richard Spencer | Richard Spencer | [23 DNC] | 2 | [23 DNC] | 5 | 4 | 7 | 5 | [23 DNC] | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 3.6 DTY | 72.6Discards 23, 23, 23 |
7 9559 USA9559 · Wayfarer Share result Melinda Fisher | Melinda Fisher | [23 DNC] | [23 DNC] | [23 DNC] | 6 | 23 DNC | 1 | 7 | 23 DNC | 4 | 2 | 23 DNC | 89Discards 23, 23, 23 |
8 11074 USA11074 · Wayfarer Share result Ian Fyfe | Ian Fyfe | [23 DNC] | [23 DNC] | [23 DNC] | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 4 | 23 DNC | 4.5 DTY | 5 | 9 | 4 | 95.5Discards 23, 23, 23 |
9 10916 USA10916 · Wayfarer Share result Phil Powell | Phil Powell | 5 | [23 DNC] | [23 DNC] | 7 | [23 DNC] | 6 | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 7 | 2 | 96Discards 23, 23, 23 |
10 10788 USA10788 · Wayfarer Share result David Moss | David Moss | [23 DNC] | [23 DNC] | [23 DNC] | 23 DNC | 4.7 DTY | 8 | 4 | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 5 | 23 DNC | 113.7Discards 23, 23, 23 |
11 9447 USA9447 · Wayfarer Share result Keith Cameron | Keith Cameron | [23 DNC] | [23 DNC] | [23 DNC] | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 8 | 23 DNC | 7 | 3 | 23 DNC | 133Discards 23, 23, 23 |
12 2220 USA2220 · Wayfarer Share result Simon Jackson | Simon Jackson | [23 DNC] | [23 DNC] | 7 DTY | 8 | [23 DNC] | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 7 DTY | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 137Discards 23, 23, 23 |
13 8795 USA8795 · Wayfarer Share result Trevor Card | Trevor Card | [23 DNC] | [23 DNC] | [23 DNC] | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 7 DTY | 23 DNC | 8 | 23 DNC | 153Discards 23, 23, 23 |
14 10768 USA10768 · Wayfarer Share result Colin May | Colin May | [23 DNC] | [23 DNC] | [23 DNC] | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 184Discards 23, 23, 23 |
14 10778 USA10778 · Wayfarer Share result James Scattergood | James Scattergood | [23 DNC] | [23 DNC] | [23 DNC] | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 184Discards 23, 23, 23 |
14 10911 USA10911 · Wayfarer Share result Dominic Foy | Dominic Foy | [23 DNC] | [23 DNC] | [23 DNC] | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 184Discards 23, 23, 23 |
14 10972 USA10972 · Wayfarer Share result Ian Sargeant | Ian Sargeant | [23 DNC] | [23 DNC] | [23 DNC] | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 184Discards 23, 23, 23 |
14 1100 USA1100 · Wayfarer Share result Michael Smith | Michael Smith | [23 DNC] | [23 DNC] | [23 DNC] | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 184Discards 23, 23, 23 |
14 6186 USA6186 · Wayfarer Share result Francis Snook | Francis Snook | [23 DNC] | [23 DNC] | [23 DNC] | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 184Discards 23, 23, 23 |
14 9399 USA9399 · Wayfarer Share result Chris Loew | Chris Loew | [23 DNC] | [23 DNC] | [23 DNC] | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 184Discards 23, 23, 23 |
14 9537 USA9537 · Wayfarer Share result Tony Tyers | Tony Tyers | [23 DNC] | [23 DNC] | [23 DNC] | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 184Discards 23, 23, 23 |
14 TBC Wayfarer Share result David Morley | David Morley | [23 DNC] | [23 DNC] | [23 DNC] | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 23 DNC | 184Discards 23, 23, 23 |
RS400 Class
RS 400 · 14 boats · 11 races
| Boat | Sailors | R1 | 26/4 | 3/5 | 10/5 | 17/5 | R6 | R7 | R8 | R9 | R10 | R11 | Net |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 1213 USA1213 · RS400 Share result David Wilkins | David Wilkins | [15 DNC] | [15 DNC] | [15 DNC] | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 6 RET | 2 | 6 | 3 | 23Discards 15, 15, 15 |
2 1132 USA1132 · RS400 Share result Stuart Costigan | Stuart Costigan | 1 | 4 | 3 | [15 DNC] | 6 RET | [15 DNC] | [15 DNC] | 3 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 25Discards 15, 15, 15 |
3 1182 USA1182 · RS400 Share result Matthew Higginson | Matthew Higginson | 3 | 2 | [5] | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | [15 DNC] | [15 DNC] | 5 | 5 | 29Discards 5, 15, 15 |
4 1365 USA1365 · RS400 Share result Martin Powell | Martin Powell | [15 DNC] | 5 | 1 | 6 | [15 DNC] | [15 DNC] | 2 | 6 RET | 6 | 1 | 4 | 31Discards 15, 15, 15 |
5 1468 USA1468 · RS400 Share result Phil Jackson | Phil Jackson | [15 DNC] | [15 DNC] | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | [15 DNC] | 1 | 3 | 15 DNC | 15 DNC | 42Discards 15, 15, 15 |
6 584 USA584 · RS400 Share result Harry Wilkes | Harry Wilkes | 2 | [15 DNC] | 2 | 3 | [15 DNC] | [15 DNC] | 15 DNC | 15 DNC | 1 | 3 | 15 DNC | 56Discards 15, 15, 15 |
7 766 USA766 · RS400 Share result Paul Goodwin | Paul Goodwin | [15 DNC] | [15 DNC] | [15 DNC] | 5 | 4 | 15 DNC | 4 | 15 DNC | 4 | 7 | 15 DNC | 69Discards 15, 15, 15 |
8 1462 USA1462 · RS400 Share result Chris Garvey | Chris Garvey | [15 DNC] | 3 | [15 DNC] | [15 DNC] | 15 DNC | 3 | 15 DNC | 2 | 15 DNC | 15 DNC | 2 | 70Discards 15, 15, 15 |
9 490 USA490 · RS400 Share result Rebecca Shelton | Rebecca Shelton | [15 DNC] | [15 DNC] | [15 DNC] | 15 DNC | 15 DNC | 15 DNC | 5 | 15 DNC | 8 RET | 15 DNC | 15 DNC | 103Discards 15, 15, 15 |
10 blank RS400 Share result J Partridge | J Partridge | [15 DNC] | 1 | [15 DNC] | [15 DNC] | 15 DNC | 15 DNC | 15 DNC | 15 DNC | 15 DNC | 15 DNC | 15 DNC | 106Discards 15, 15, 15 |
11 846 USA846 · RS400 Share result Richard Hall | Richard Hall | [15 DNC] | [15 DNC] | [15 DNC] | 15 DNC | 15 DNC | 15 DNC | 15 DNC | 15 DNC | 15 DNC | 4 | 15 DNC | 109Discards 15, 15, 15 |
12 542 USA542 · RS400 Share result Harry Wilkes | Harry Wilkes | [15 DNC] | [15 DNC] | [15 DNC] | 15 DNC | 15 DNC | 15 DNC | 15 DNC | 15 DNC | 15 DNC | 15 DNC | 15 DNC | 120Discards 15, 15, 15 |
12 645 USA645 · RS400 Share result Yvonne Foster | Yvonne Foster | [15 DNC] | [15 DNC] | [15 DNC] | 15 DNC | 15 DNC | 15 DNC | 15 DNC | 15 DNC | 15 DNC | 15 DNC | 15 DNC | 120Discards 15, 15, 15 |
12 911 USA911 · RS400 Share result David Sparrow | David Sparrow | [15 DNC] | [15 DNC] | [15 DNC] | 15 DNC | 15 DNC | 15 DNC | 15 DNC | 15 DNC | 15 DNC | 15 DNC | 15 DNC | 120Discards 15, 15, 15 |
Net series points. Scores in brackets are discarded. Check the organizing authority for official notices and scoring updates.